`cmath` — mathematical functions for complex numbers#

The cmath module provides basic mathematical functions for working with complex numbers, including trigonometric, exponential, logarithmic, and conversions between rectangular (real, imag) and polar (r, phi) representations.

Functions#

cmath.cos(z: complex) → complex#: Return the cosine of z.

cmath.exp(z: complex) → complex#: Return the exponential of z.

cmath.log(z: complex) → complex#: Return the natural logarithm of z. The branch cut is along the negative real axis.

cmath.log10(z: complex) → complex#: Return the base-10 logarithm of z. The branch cut is along the negative real axis.

cmath.phase(z: complex) → float#: Returns the phase of the number z, in the range (-pi, +pi].

cmath.polar(z: complex) → Tuple[float, float]#: Returns, as a tuple, the polar form of z.

cmath.rect(r: float, phi: float) → complex#: Returns the complex number with modulus r and phase phi.

cmath.sin(z: complex) → complex#: Return the sine of z.

cmath.sqrt(z: complex) → complex#: Return the square-root of z.

Constants#

cmath.e: float#: Base of the natural logarithm

cmath.pi: float#: The ratio of a circle’s circumference to its diameter